Muller, Hermann (1829-83): began his education in the village school of Muhlberg, and afterwards studied in Halle and Berlin. From an early age he was a keen naturalist, and began his scientific work as a collector in the field. In 1855 he became Science teacher at Lippstadt, where he continued to work during the last twenty-eight years of his life. Muller's greatest contribution to Botany "Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten," was the outcome to Charles Darwin's book on the "Fertilisation of Orchids." He was a frequent contributor to "Kosmos" on subjects bearing on the origin of species, the laws of variation, and kindred problems; like his brother, Fritz, Hermann Muller was a zealous supporter of evolutionary views, and contributed in no small degree to the spread of the new teaching. ("Prof. Dr. Hermann Muller von Lippstadt: Ein Gedenkblatt," by Ernst Krause, "Kosmos," Volume VII., page 393, 1883.)
-extract from letter to.
-Darwin's admiration for his book.
-on fertilisation of flowers.
-on clover and bees.
-on Epipactis and Platanthera.
-extract from Darwin's preface to his "Befruchtung der Blumen."
-letters to.
-on Melastoma.
-persecuted by Ultramontane party.
-review in "Kosmos" of "Forms of Flowers."
-mentioned.
Muller, Prof. Max, "Lectures on the Science of Language." -letter to.
Muller, Rosa, observations on circumnutation.
Mummy wheat.
Mundane cold period, Darwin on supposed.
Mundane genera, distribution of.
Munro, Col., on Bermuda.
Munro, on eyes of parrots.
Murchison, Sir R.I., apotheosis of.
-Darwin's conversations with.
-letter to.
-address to Geological Society.
-on structure of Alps.
-Lyell's criticism of.
Murder, expression of man arrested for.
Murdoch, G.B., letter to.
Murray, A., address to Botanical Society of Edinburgh. -criticism of Wallace's theory of nests. -Darwin criticised by. -Darwin's criticism of work of. -on geological distribution of mammals. -on leaves and CO2. -review of "Origin" by. -mentioned.
Murray, Sir J., Darwin on his theory of coral reefs.
Murray, J., Darwin's agreement with. -"Journal of Researches" published by. -MS. of "Origin" sent to. -sale of "Origin." -publication of "Fur Darwin."
Mus, range of.
Musca vomitoria, Lowne on.
Muscles, contraction in evacuation and in labour pains. -in man and apes.
Museum (British), enquiry as to disposal of Natural History Collections by Trustees of.
Music, birds and production of. -insects, and. -origin of taste for.
Musk-duck, hatching of eggs.
Musk-orchids, pollinia of.
Musk ox, as index of climate. -found in gravel at Down.
Mussels, seize hold of fishing hooks.
Mutability of species, Lyell on.
Mutation, use of term.
Mutisia, a tendril-climber, compared with Mikania.
Myanthus barbatus, hermaphrodite form of Catasetum tridentatum.
Mylodon.
Myosotis, in N. America.
Myosurus, range of.
Mytilus, as fossil in the Andes.
Nageli, Carl Wilhelm von (1817-91): was born at Kilchberg, near Zurich. He graduated at Zurich with a dissertation on the Swiss species of Cirsium. At Jena he came under the influence of Schleiden, who taught him microscopic work. He married in 1845, and on his wedding journey in England, collected seaweeds for "Die neueren Algen-systeme." He was called as Professor to Freiburg im Breisgau in 1852; and to Munich in 1857, where he remained until his death on May 10th, 1891. In the "Zeitschrift fur wiss. Botanik," 1844-46, edited by Nageli and Schleiden, and of which only a single volume appeared, Nageli insists on the only sound basis for classification being "development as a whole." The "Entstehung und Begriff" (1865) was his first real evolutionary paper. He believed in a tendency of organisms to vary towards perfection. His idea was that the causes of variability are internal to the organism: see his work, "Ueber den Einfluss ausserer Verhaltnisse auf die Varietatenbildung. Among his other writings are the "Theorie der Bastardbildung," 1866, and "Die Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre," 1884.